Presenting Author: Ryan Eaton, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Joravar Dhaliwal, MD – The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: David Gibbs, IV, BS – The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Andrew Grossbach, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Alexander Keister, BS – The Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Dominic Maggio, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Noah Mallory, BS – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Robert Moranville, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Vikas Munjal, BS – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Alexander Sparks, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Stephanus Viljoen, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Joshua Wang, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: David Xu, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Angel Ordaz, MD – UC San Diego

Co-Author: Omid Jalali, MD – UC San Diego Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Munish Gupta, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Richard Hostin, MD – Southwest Scoliosis Institute

Co-Author: Khaled M. Kebaish, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Klineberg, MD – University of Texas Houston

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Lawrence G. Lenke, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary

Presenting Author: Ashley MacConnell, MD – Loyola University Medical Center

Co-Author: Nikolas Baksh, MD – Loyola University Medical Center

Co-Author: Robert M. Havey, MS – Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital

Co-Author: Joseph Krob, MD – Loyola University Medical Center

Co-Author: Lauren Matteini, MD – Fox Valley Orthopedics

Co-Author: Muturi Muriuki, PhD – Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital

Co-Author: Avinash G. Patwardhan, PhD (he/him/his) – Loyola University Chicago

Co-Author: Bartosz Wojewnik, MD – Loyola University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Sahir S. Jabbouri, MD – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Wyatt David, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Seongho Jeong, MD – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Anshu Jonnalagadda, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Peter Joo, MD – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jay Moran, MD – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Dominick Tuason, M.D. – Yale School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Takashi Hirase, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Chukwuebuka Achebe (he/him/his) – Hospital For Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medical College

Co-Author: Myles R J Allen, MBChB – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Francis C. Lovecchio, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Hiroyuki Nakarai, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Presenting Author: David J. Mazur-Hart, MD (he/him/his) – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Ping-Yeh Chiu, MD – Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Co-Author: Winward Choy, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Vedat Deviren, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Presenting Author: Garrett K. Berger, MD, PharmD – University of California, San Diego

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Mitchell S. Fourman, MD – Montefiore Medical Center

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Munish Gupta, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Richard Hostin, MD – Southwest Scoliosis Institute

Co-Author: Khaled M. Kebaish, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Klineberg, MD – University of Texas Houston

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Lawrence G. Lenke, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary

Presenting Author: Sree M. Vemu, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Takashi Hirase, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Rex Marco, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Caleb Shin, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical City Healthcare,

Presenting Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Presenting Author: Joseph Linzey, MD, MSc – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Edward S. Harake, BS, MM – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Todd Hollon, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Cheng Jiang, BSE, MSE – University of Michigan: Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics

Co-Author: Jaes C. Jones, MD, MS – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Jacob R. Joseph, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Rushikesh S. Joshi, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Siri Sahib Khalsa, MD – The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Johan H. Lee, BS (he/him/his) – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Zachary Wilseck, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Mark Zaki, MD, MBA – University of Michigan

Presenting Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Graham W. Johnson, PhD – Vanderbilt University

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Tyler Metcalf, MD – Ohio State University Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven Roth, MD – new york presbyterian hospital

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Adam Wegner, MD – Orthovirginia

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Alan Stein, MD – Shriners Hospital for Children

Co-Author: Steven Hwang, MD – Shriners Children’s-Philadelphia

Co-Author: Emily Nice, BS – Shriners Hospital for Children

Co-Author: Joshua Pahys, MD – shrin

Co-Author: Alejandro Quinonez, BS – Shriner's Childrens Hospital

Co-Author: Amer Samdani, MD – Shriners Hospital for Children

Co-Author: Alexander J. Schupper, MD – Mount Sinai Health System

Co-Author: Sabrina L. Zeller, MD – Westchester Medical Center

Presenting Author: Hannah A. Levy, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Tyler Allen, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Michelle Clarke, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Bradford Currier, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Benjamin Elder, MD, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Jeremy Fogelson, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Brett Freedman, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Brian Karamian, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Caden Messer, BS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Ahmad N. Nassr, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Zachariah Pinter, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Arjun S. Sebastian, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Tissiana Vallecillo, BS – Mayo Clinic

Presenting Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Bassel Diebo, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Pierce D. Nunley, MD – Louisiana Spine Institute

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary

Co-Author: Shaleen Vira, MD – Banner University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Mert Marcel Dagli, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: John Arena, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Yohannes Ghenbot, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Felix Conrad Oettl, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Ali Ozturk, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Gabrielle Santangelo, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Connor Wathen, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: William Welch, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jang W. Yoon, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Nischal Acharya, BSc (he/him/his) – University of California, Irvine - Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Jessica K. Campos, MD – University of California - Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Pirooz Fereydouni, BSc – UC Irvine School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael Oh, MD – University of California, Irvine

Co-Author: Bryce Picton, B.S. – UC Irvine School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Graham W. Johnson, PhD – Vanderbilt University

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: David Liles, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Adam Wegner, MD – Orthovirginia

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Bassel Diebo, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Robert Hart, MD – Swedish Hospital Cherry Hill Campus, Seattle WA

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Klineberg, MD – University of Texas Houston

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Pierce D. Nunley, MD – Louisiana Spine Institute

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Presenting Author: Aladine A. Elsamadicy, M.D. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Samuel Craft, M.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael DiLuna, M.D. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Astrid C. Hengartner, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sumaiya Sayeed, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Josiah J. Z. Sherman, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Jason J. Haselhuhn, DO – University of Minnesota

Co-Author: David W. Polly, Jr., MD – University of Minnesota

Co-Author: Bishop Anyiwe, PA-C – University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Submitter: Neill Hatcher, Jr. – University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Paul Brian Soriano, MD – University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Thomas Warfield, Jr., BS – University of Minnesota School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Thomas Buell, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Joseph DiDomenico, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: S. Harrison Farber, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Eric Klineberg, MD – University of Texas Houston

Co-Author: Lawrence G. Lenke, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Jeffrey Mullin, MD – University of Buffalo

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Alexander J. Schupper, MD – Mount Sinai Health System

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mohamed AR Soliman, MD, MSc, PhD – University of Buffalo

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Presenting Author: Ken Porche, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Vyshak Chandra, MD – University of Florida

Co-Author: Daniel Hoh, MD – University of Florida

Co-Author: Yusuf Mehkri (he/him/his) – University of Florida

Co-Author: Yasmeen Murtaza – University of Florida

Presenting Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Rachel Joujon-Roche, MD – Loma Linda University Health

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Melanie Alfonzo Horowitz, BA (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital

Co-Author: Jovanna A. Tracz, n/a – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Tej D. Azad, MD, MS – Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Brendan F. Judy, MD – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Jawad Khalifeh, MD – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Majid Khan, MD – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Timothy Witham, MD – Johns Hopkins University

Presenting Author: Zach Pennington, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Anthony L. Mikula, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Kingsley O. Abode-Iyamah, MD – Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Benjamin Elder, MD, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Jeremy Fogelson, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Brett Freedman, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Abdelrahman M. Hamouda, MBBCh – Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Nikita Lakomkin, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Michael L. Martini, MD PhD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Ahmad N. Nassr, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Zachariah Pinter, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Arjun S. Sebastian, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Presenting Author: Alexander J. Schupper, MD – Mount Sinai Health System

Co-Author: Daniel Cherian, MD – Shriners Hospital for Children

Co-Author: Steven Hwang, MD – Shriners Children’s-Philadelphia

Co-Author: Zan Naseer, MD – Shriners Hospital for Children

Co-Author: Joshua Pahys, MD – shrin

Co-Author: Amer Samdani, MD – Shriners Hospital for Children

Co-Author: Alan Stein, MD – Shriners Hospital for Children

Presenting Author: Cesar M. Carballo-Cuello, MD – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Puya Alikhani, MD, FAANS – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Co-Author: Gabriel Flores Milan – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Elliot Pressman, MD – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Casey Ryan, MD – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Adolfo Viloria Hidalgo, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Presenting Author: Shane Shahrestani, MD, PhD – Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Ram Kiran Alluri, MD – University of Southern California

Co-Author: Nolan J. Brown, MBA – UC Irvine

Co-Author: Lawrence K. Chung, MD – University of Southern California

Co-Author: Raymond Hah, MD – University of Southern California

Co-Author: Jon Liu, MD – USC Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Ryan C. Liu – University of Southern California

Co-Author: Sofia Reese – University of Southern California

Co-Author: Michael Safaee, MD – University of Southern California

Presenting Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Bassel Diebo, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Richard Hostin, MD – Southwest Scoliosis Institute

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary

Presenting Author: Hammad A. Khan, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Richard C. E. Anderson, MD – NYU Langone Health, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Jennifer Bauer, MD – Seattle Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Orthopaedics Program

Co-Author: Douglas Brockmeyer, MD (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Co-Author: Yosef Dastagirzada, MD – NYU Langone Health, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: David Harter, MD – NYU Langone Health Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery

Co-Author: David B. Kurland, MD, PHD – NYU Langone Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Sean Lew, MD – Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Jonathan Martin, MD – Connecticut Children's

Co-Author: Matthew Oetgen, MD – Children's National Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine

Co-Author: Joshua Pahys, MD – shrin

Co-Author: Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Olaverri, MD – NYU Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Timothy J. Yee, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Neel Anand, MD (he/him/his) – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Richard G. Fessler, MD, PhD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Adam S. Kanter, MD – Hoag Specialty Clinic

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Pierce D. Nunley, MD – Louisiana Spine Institute

Co-Author: David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Vijay L. Letchuman, MD – UCSF

Presenting Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: joon hyeok Choi, n/a – vanderbilt university

Co-Author: David Liles, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Adam Wegner, MD – Orthovirginia

Co-Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Ranbir Ahluwalia, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Presenting Author: Mert Marcel Dagli, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: John Arena, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Yohannes Ghenbot, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Felix Conrad Oettl, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Ali Ozturk, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Gabrielle Santangelo, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Connor Wathen, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: William Welch, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jang W. Yoon, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatomi Lanre-Amos, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Alexander Dru, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Neel Anand, MD (he/him/his) – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Richard G. Fessler, MD, PhD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Adam S. Kanter, MD – Hoag Specialty Clinic

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Pierce D. Nunley, MD – Louisiana Spine Institute

Co-Author: David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Khoi D. Than, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Carl Youseff, MD – Semmes-Murphey Clinic

Presenting Author: Jason J. Haselhuhn, DO – University of Minnesota

Co-Author: Jonathan N. Sembrano, MD (he/him/his) – University of Minnesota - Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Submitter: Neill Hatcher, Jr. – University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Kari Odland, DAT – University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Paul Brian Soriano, MD – University of Minnesota Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Presenting Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatomi Lanre-Amos, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Chukwuebuka Achebe (he/him/his) – Hospital For Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medical College

Co-Author: Myles R J Allen, MBChB – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Takashi Hirase, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Francis C. Lovecchio, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Hiroyuki Nakarai, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Presenting Author: Vincent Alentado, M.D. – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Michael J. Visconti – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Presenting Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatomi Lanre-Amos, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Kimberly McFarland, BS – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Presenting Author: Jacob Birlingmair, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Leah Carreon, MD, MSc – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Mladen Djurasovic, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Omri Maayan, BS (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Izzet Akosman, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Leah Andrews, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Kasra Araghi, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: John Clohisy, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Jerry Du, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Mitchell S. Fourman, MD – Montefiore Medical Center

Co-Author: Austin Kaidi, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Gregory Kazarian, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Francis C. Lovecchio, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Robert Merrill, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Hiroyuki Nakarai, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Anthony Pajak, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Justin Samuel, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Pratyush Shahi, MBBS, MS(Ortho), AO Spine Diploma – Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata (INK)

Co-Author: Chad Simon, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Tejas Subramanian, BE – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Bo Zhang, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Presenting Author: Mladen Djurasovic, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Leah Carreon, MD, MSc – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Presenting Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Pierce D. Nunley, MD – Louisiana Spine Institute

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary

Presenting Author: Gabrielle Santangelo, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jaskeerat Gujral, n/a – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Mert Marcel Dagli, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: John Arena, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Mohamed Emara – College of Medicine, University of Sharjah

Co-Author: Yohannes Ghenbot, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Felix Conrad Oettl, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Ali Ozturk, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Connor Wathen, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: William Welch, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jang W. Yoon, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatomi Lanre-Amos, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Presenting Author: Timothy J. Yee, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Neel Anand, MD (he/him/his) – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Richard G. Fessler, MD, PhD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Adam S. Kanter, MD – Hoag Specialty Clinic

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Pierce D. Nunley, MD – Louisiana Spine Institute

Co-Author: David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Edward S. Harake, BS, MM – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Todd Hollon, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Cheng Jiang, BSE, MSE – University of Michigan: Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics

Co-Author: Jaes C. Jones, MD, MS – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Jacob R. Joseph, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Rushikesh S. Joshi, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Siri Sahib Khalsa, MD – The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Johan H. Lee, BS (he/him/his) – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Joseph Linzey, MD, MSc – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Zachary Wilseck, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Mark Zaki, MD, MBA – University of Michigan

Presenting Author: Spencer Twitchell, MD (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Co-Author: Marcus D. Mazur, MD – University of Utah Health

Co-Author: Brandon A. Sherrod, MD – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Neel Anand, MD (he/him/his) – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Anita Anand – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Andrew Chung – Department of Orthopaedics, Sonoran Spine Institute, Tempe AZ

Co-Author: David Gendelberg – Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, San Francisco – Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco

Co-Author: Nikita Iyer – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Jose Jiminez – Department of Orthopaedics, Central Florida Bone and Joint Institute, Orange City FL

Co-Author: Sheila Kahwaty – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Babak Khandehroo – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Bardia Khandehroo – New York Medical College

Co-Author: Nickol Nishime – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Cheri Phillips – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Dinesh Ramanathan – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Jerry E. Robinson, III – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Co-Author: Teerachat Tanasansomboon – Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Presenting Author: Sean Neifert, MD (he/him/his) – NYU Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Darryl Lau, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: W. Caleb Rutledge, MD – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Therese Weidenkopf (she/her/hers) – Virginia Commonwealth University

Co-Author: Christina Sayama, MD, MPH – Oregon Health & Science University

Co-Author: Maryam N. Shahin, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University

Presenting Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Presenting Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Presenting Author: Winward Choy, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Tony Catalan, B.S. – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Aaron J. Clark, MD, PhD – UCSF

Co-Author: Vedat Deviren, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Darryl Lau, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Austin Lui, M.S. (he/him/his) – Touro University California

Co-Author: David J. Mazur-Hart, MD (he/him/his) – University of California, San Francisco

Presenting Author: Clifford Pierre, MD, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Donald Davis, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Jens Chapman, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Ryan Goodmanson, DO – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Gerrit Lewik, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Rod Oskouian, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Gautam Rao, MD, N/A – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Presenting Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Thomas Buell, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Munish Gupta, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Robert Hart, MD – Swedish Hospital Cherry Hill Campus, Seattle WA

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Mitsuru Yagi, MD, PHD – Departments of Orthopaedic and Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center

Presenting Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Zorica Buser, PhD – NYU Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Michael Gerling, MD – NYU Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: David B. Kurland, MD, PHD – NYU Langone Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Mladen Djurasovic, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Leah Carreon, MD, MSc – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Winward Choy, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Tony Catalan, B.S. – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Ping-Yeh Chiu, MD – Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Co-Author: Aaron J. Clark, MD, PhD – UCSF

Co-Author: Vedat Deviren, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Darryl Lau, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: Austin Lui, M.S. (he/him/his) – Touro University California

Co-Author: David J. Mazur-Hart, MD (he/him/his) – University of California, San Francisco

Presenting Author: Adolfo Viloria Hidalgo, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Co-Author: Puya Alikhani, MD, FAANS – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Co-Author: Kelly Gassie, MD (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurosurgery, Health First Medical Group

Co-Author: Maryam Kazelka, n/a – University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Co-Author: Jay I. Kumar, MD, MBA – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Samantha Schimmel, n/a – University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Presenting Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Graham W. Johnson, PhD – Vanderbilt University

Co-Author: Alexander Lyons, BS – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Tyler Metcalf, MD – Ohio State University Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven Roth, MD – new york presbyterian hospital

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Izzet Akosman, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Mitchell S. Fourman, MD – Montefiore Medical Center

Co-Author: Neerav Kumar, AB (he/him/his) – Weill Cornell Medical College

Co-Author: Richard Mortenson, BS – Duke University

Presenting Author: Mariah Balmacenno-Criss, BS – Brown Univeristy

Co-Author: Bassel Diebo, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Mohammad Daher, BS – Brown University

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Munish Gupta, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Alan Job, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Khaled M. Kebaish, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Klineberg, MD – University of Texas Houston

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Breton G. Line, BS – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Christopher McDonald, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Pierce D. Nunley, MD – Louisiana Spine Institute

Co-Author: Russ Parks, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Presenting Author: Ranbir Ahluwalia, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Graham W. Johnson, PhD – Vanderbilt University

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Alexander Lyons, BS – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Tyler Metcalf, MD – Ohio State University Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven Roth, MD – new york presbyterian hospital

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Bassel Diebo, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Klineberg, MD – University of Texas Houston

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: David B. Kurland, MD, PHD – NYU Langone Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Patrick Chang (he/him/his) – Drexel University College of Medicine; Allegheny Health Network

Co-Author: Patrice Clemenza – Drexel University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Shahed Elhamdani, MD – Allegheny Health Network

Co-Author: Lara Massie, MD

Co-Author: Praveer Vyas, n/a – Allegheny Health Network Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Kevin Walsh, MD – Allegheny Health Network

Presenting Author: Peyton M. Van Pevenage, BA (he/him/his) – University of Washington School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kelli Howell – ATEC Spine

Co-Author: Antoine Tohmeh, MD (he/him/his) – MultiCare Neurosurgery and Spine

Presenting Author: Karthik Papisetty, BA – University of Minnesota

Co-Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Submitter: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Asimina Dominari, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Abdul Karim Ghaith, MD – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Konstantinos Katsos, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Giorgos D. Michalopoulos, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Karim R. Nathani, MBBS – Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Ryan Nguyen, BS – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Presenting Author: Ummey Hani, MBBS – Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates

Co-Author: Michael Bohl, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates

Co-Author: Samuel Chewning, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates

Presenting Author: Joshua Chalif, MD PhD – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Sarah E. Blitz, n/a (she/her/hers) – Harvard Medical School

Co-Author: Rohan Jha, SB – Harvard Medical School

Co-Author: Yi Lu, MD PhD – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Alex Yearley, BS – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Presenting Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Thomas Buell, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Bassel Diebo, MD – Brown University

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Jeffrey L. Gum, MD – Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Khaled M. Kebaish, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Stephen Lewis, MD – Toronto Western Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Breton G. Line, BS – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Jay I. Kumar, MD, MBA – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Adolfo Viloria Hidalgo, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Co-Author: Nicholas Alford, n/a – University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Co-Author: Puya Alikhani, MD, FAANS – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Co-Author: Ammad A. Baig, MD – Department Neurosurgery/General Surgery. University at Buffalo

Co-Author: Molly Monsour, n/a (she/her/hers) – University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Presenting Author: James J. Zhou, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: S. Harrison Farber, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Udaya K. Kakarla, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Luke K. O'Neill, BS – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Presenting Author: Karan Joseph, BS (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Miguel Ruiz Cardozo, MD, MPH – Washington University

Co-Author: Karma Barot, BA, MA – Washington University

Co-Author: Tim Bui, BS – Washington University in St Louis

Co-Author: Magalie Cadieux, MD, MMSc, FRCSC – Washington University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael Ryan Kann, BS – Washington University

Co-Author: Sofia Lopez Alviar, BS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Camilo A. Molina, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Co-Author: Rujvee P. Patel, MBBS, MPH – Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja, MD – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Alexander T. Yahanda, MD, MPHS – Washington University

Presenting Author: Michael L. Martini, MD PhD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Kingsley O. Abode-Iyamah, MD – Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: John Atkinson, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Selby Chen, MD – Mayo Clinic Florida

Co-Author: Michelle Clarke, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Benjamin Elder, MD, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Jeremy Fogelson, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Maziyar Kalani, MD – Mayo Clinic Arizona

Co-Author: William Krauss, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Nikita Lakomkin, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: W. Richard Marsh, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Anthony L. Mikula, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Nottmeier, MD – Dept of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Florida

Co-Author: Zach Pennington, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Presenting Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatomi Lanre-Amos, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Presenting Author: Cesar M. Carballo-Cuello, MD – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Puya Alikhani, MD, FAANS – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Co-Author: Gabriel Flores Milan – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Elliot Pressman, MD – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Adolfo Viloria Hidalgo, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Presenting Author: Yohannes Ghenbot, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Mert Marcel Dagli, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: John Arena, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Jonathan Heintz, MS – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Ali Ozturk, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Gabrielle Santangelo, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Connor Wathen, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: William Welch, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jang W. Yoon, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Nathan Kim, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Shay Bess, MD – Denver International Spine Center

Co-Author: Douglas C. Burton, MD – University of Kansas Medical Center

Co-Author: Alan H. Daniels, MD – Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Robert K. Eastlack, MD – Scripps Clinic

Co-Author: Richard Hostin, MD – Southwest Scoliosis Institute

Co-Author: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Klineberg, MD – University of Texas Houston

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Gregory M. Mundis, Jr., MD (he/him/his) – San Diego Spine

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD – Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Justin Scheer, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Frank J. Schwab, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Alex Soroceanu, MD, FRCS(C), MPH – University of Calgary