Presenting Author: Nicolas Dea, MD, MSc – Vancouver General Hospital

Co-Author: Julien Francisco Zaldivar-Jolissaint, MD – University of British Columbia

Presenting Author: Syed I. Khalid, MD – University of Illinois at Chicago

Co-Author: Ali Kiapour, PhD (he/him/his) – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Elie Massaad, MD MSc – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Presenting Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Mahmoud Ahmed, PhD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Gabriel Bendfeldt, BS – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Silky Chotai, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Surya Gangavarapu, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Matthew Goodwin, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Co-Author: Jacob Greenberg, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Joshua Koleske, BS – Washington University

Co-Author: Leo Luo, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Camilo A. Molina, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Co-Author: Brian Neuman, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Miguel Ruiz Cardozo, MD, MPH – Washington University

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Aladine A. Elsamadicy, M.D. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Astrid C. Hengartner, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sheng-fu Larry Lo, M.D. (he/him/his) – Northwell Health

Co-Author: Sumaiya Sayeed, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Daniel Sciubba, MD, MBA – Northwell Health, Hoftstra University

Co-Author: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Presenting Author: John E. Dugan, BA – University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Mahmoud Ahmed, PhD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Gabriel Bendfeldt, BS – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Silky Chotai, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Surya Gangavarapu, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: connor C. Long, B.S. – James H. Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University

Co-Author: Leo Luo, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Sheng-fu Larry Lo, M.D. (he/him/his) – Northwell Health

Co-Author: Justin W. Silverstein, DHSc – Lenox Hill Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Roee Ber, MD – Northwell Health System

Co-Author: Randy S. D'Amico, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Shyle H. Mehta, MD – Northwell Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Daniel Sciubba, MD, MBA – Northwell Health, Hoftstra University

Presenting Author: Aladine A. Elsamadicy, M.D. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sam Boroumand, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Mona Clappier, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Samuel Craft, M.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Alan Gutierrez, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Astrid C. Hengartner, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sheng-fu Larry Lo, M.D. (he/him/his) – Northwell Health

Co-Author: Ehud Mendel, M.D., M.B.A. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Benjamin C. Reeves, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sumaiya Sayeed, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: Daniel Sciubba, MD, MBA – Northwell Health, Hoftstra University

Co-Author: Josiah J. Z. Sherman, B.S. – Yale School of Medicine

Co-Author: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Presenting Author: Ryan Nguyen, BS – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Abdul Karim Ghaith, MD – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Kingsley O. Abode-Iyamah, MD – Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Oluwaseun O. Akinduro, MD – Mayo Clinic Florida

Co-Author: Antonio Bon Nieves, BS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Michelle Clarke, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Maziyar Kalani, MD – Mayo Clinic Arizona

Co-Author: Naresh P. Patel, MD – Mayo Clinic Arizona

Co-Author: Carlos Perez-Vega, MD (he/him/his) – Mayo Clinic Florida

Co-Author: Peter Rose, MD – Mayo Clinic Rochester

Presenting Author: Irene Say, MD – University of California San Francisco

Co-Author: Vardhaan S. Ambati, MS – University of California San Francisco

Co-Author: Christopher P. Ames, MD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: John Bernabei, MD, PhD – UCSF

Co-Author: Cynthia Chin, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Aaron J. Clark, MD, PhD – UCSF

Co-Author: Nishanth Krishnan, BS – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Arati Patel, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Michael E. Tawil, BS – University of California San Francisco

Co-Author: Samer G. Zammar, MD, MBA, MPH (he/him/his) – University of California San Francisco

Presenting Author: Anthony L. Mikula, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Michelle Clarke, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Benjamin Elder, MD, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Megan Everson, MD – Health Partners

Co-Author: Jeremy Fogelson, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Steven Girdler, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mohammed Karim, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: William Krauss, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Nikita Lakomkin, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Matt Lindsey, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Zach Pennington, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Peter Rose, MD – Mayo Clinic Rochester

Presenting Author: Jessica Ryvlin, BS – Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Co-Author: Rafael De la Garza Ramos, MD (he/him/his) – Brown University

Co-Author: Lucas Dziesinski, BS – Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Co-Author: Mitchell S. Fourman, MD – Montefiore Medical Center

Co-Author: Yaroslav Gelfand, MD – Montefiore Medical Center Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Mousa Hamad, MD – Montefiore Medical Center

Co-Author: Saikiran Murthy, MD – Montefiore Medical Center Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Anne Schlumprecht, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center

Co-Author: Reza Yassari, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

Presenting Author: Arjun K. Menta, BSA, BBA (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Meghana Bhimreddy, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Louis Chang, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Daniel Davidar, MMBS – Johns Hopkins University

Co-Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Kelly Jiang, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Denis Routkevitch, BS – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Amanda Sacino, MD, PhD – Apex Brain & Spine

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Carly Weber-Levine, MS (she/her/hers) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Tanner J. Zachem, BSE – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Syed Adil, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Alissa Arango, BS MS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Antoinette J. Charles, BS (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Patrick J. Codd, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Melissa M. Erickson, MD MBA – Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Courtney Goodwin, MD PhD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University

Co-Author: Harrison A. Hockenberry, BS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Eli Johnson, MD – Duke University Hospital

Co-Author: Emily Luo, BS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Annee Ngyuen, MS – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Edwin Owolo, BA (he/him/his) – Duke University Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Dana G. Rowe, BA (she/her/hers) – Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Jacob Sperber, BA – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Seeley Yoo, BA – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Presenting Author: Ryan Kelly, M.D. (he/him/his) – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: John Paul G. Kolcun, MD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: John E. O'Toole, MD, MS – Rush University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Ehab Shiban, Prof. Dr. (he/him/his) – Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital of Augsburg

Co-Author: Maximilian-Niklas Bonk, Mr. – Neurosurgery Department, University of Augsburg

Co-Author: Henning Khal, Dr. – University of Augsburg

Co-Author: Philip Krauss, Dr. – Neurosurgery Department, University of Augsburg

Presenting Author: Srijan Adhikari – Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine

Co-Author: Abhishek S. Bhutada, n/a – Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine

Co-Author: Adeolu Olasunkanmi, MD – Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine; Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Vaibhav Patel, MD – Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine; Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Vicente Coelho, MD (he/him/his) – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Damante, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Santino Cua, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Ahmed Nadar Mohamed Hussanein Elguindy, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Dominic Franceschelli, BS – Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Daniel Kreatsoulas, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Joshua Palmer, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Jacob Ward, BS – Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Seth Wilson, BS – The Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: David Xu, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Jacob Ward, BS – Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Sasha` Beyer, MD, PhD – The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Dukagjin Blakaj, MD, PhD – The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Vikram Chakravarthy, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Santino Cua, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Damante, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Ahmed Nadar Mohamed Hussanein Elguindy, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Dominic Franceschelli, BS – Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Daniel Kreatsoulas, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Vicente Coelho, MD (he/him/his) – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Joshua Palmer, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Raj Singh, MD – The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Evan Thomas, MD, PhD – The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Seth Wilson, BS – The Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: David Xu, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Arpan A. Patel, MD – Cleveland Clinic Center for Spine Health

Co-Author: Lilyana Angelov, MD (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic

Co-Author: Edward C. Benzel, MD – Cleveland Clinic

Co-Author: Samuel Chao, MD – Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States

Co-Author: Ajit Krishnaney, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States

Co-Author: Daniel Lilly, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic

Co-Author: Gandhivarma Subramaniam, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States

Co-Author: John Suh, MD – Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States

Presenting Author: William Chu Kwan, MD, FRCSC (he/him/his) – University of British Columbia

Co-Author: Chetan Bettegowda, MD PhD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Stefano Boriani, MD – GSpine4 Spine Surgery Division, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Nicolas Dea, MD, MSc – Vancouver General Hospital

Co-Author: Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Charles Fisher, MD, MHSC, FRCSC – Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital

Co-Author: Alessandro Gasbarrini, MD – Rizzoli Institute Bologna

Co-Author: Ziya L. Gokaslan, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Lifespan Health System/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

Co-Author: Matthew Goodwin, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Co-Author: Ilya Laufer, MD – NYU Langone Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Aron Lazary – National Center for Spinal Disorders and Buda Health Center

Co-Author: John E. O'Toole, MD, MS – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Markian Pahuta, MD – McMaster University

Co-Author: Jeremy Reynolds, MD – Oxford University

Co-Author: Laurence Rhines, MD – MD Anderson Cancer Center

Co-Author: Arjun Saghal, MD – Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

Co-Author: Markus Schultheiss, MD – Ulm University

Co-Author: Daniel Sciubba, MD, MBA – Northwell Health, Hoftstra University

Co-Author: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Co-Author: Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, MD – University Medical Center Utrecht

Co-Author: Anne Versteeg, MD, PhD, MHSc – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Michael Weber, MD – Division of Surgery, McGill University and Montreal General Hospital

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Harrison A. Hockenberry, BS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Alissa Arango, BS MS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Brandon L. Bishop, MS, MBA (he/him/his) – Duke University Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Antoinette J. Charles, BS (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Tara Elizabeth Dalton, MD (she/her/hers) – Duke University Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Melissa M. Erickson, MD MBA – Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Courtney Goodwin, MD PhD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University

Co-Author: Eli Johnson, MD – Duke University Hospital

Co-Author: Emily Luo, BS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Annee D. Nguyen, MS (she/they pronouns) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Edwin Owolo, BA (he/him/his) – Duke University Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Dana G. Rowe, BA (she/her/hers) – Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Jacob Sperber, BA – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Seeley Yoo, BA – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Tanner J. Zachem, BSE – Duke University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Albert Antar, NA – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Shahab Aldin Sattari, MD (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi, MD (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Allan Belzberg, MD, FRCSC, FAANS – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Ali Bydon, MD – Johns Hopkins University

Co-Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Kelly Jiang, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sang Lee – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Daniel Lubelski, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Benjamin Z. Mendelson, n/a – West Virginia University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sushanth Neerumalla, n/a – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Kristin Redmond – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Shreya Sriram, BS – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Carly Weber-Levine, MS (she/her/hers) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Yuanxuan Xia, MD – Johns Hopkins University

Presenting Author: Seth Wilson, BS – The Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Vikram Chakravarthy, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Santino Cua, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Damante, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Daniel Kreatsoulas, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Vicente Coelho, MD (he/him/his) – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Joshua Palmer, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Jacob Ward, BS – Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: David Xu, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Surya Gangavarapu, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Gabriel Bendfeldt, BS – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Silky Chotai, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Steven Roth, MD – new york presbyterian hospital

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center