Presenting Author: Youssef M. Khalafallah, MD (he/him/his) – Baylor College of Medicine

Co-Author: Abdullah Ghali, MD – Baylor College of Medicine

Co-Author: Rishi Gonuguntla, BA – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Darrell Hanson, MD, FAAOS – Texas Children Hospital / Houston Methodist

Co-Author: Adham M. Khalafallah, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami

Co-Author: Travis Kotzur, BS – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: David Momtaz, BS, MPH – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Aaron Singh, BA – UT Health San Antonio

Presenting Author: Michael Cloney, MD, MPH – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Nader Dahdaleh, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine

Co-Author: Najib El Tecle, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine

Co-Author: Anastasios Roumeliotis, MD – Northwestern Medicine

Co-Author: Kevin Swong, MD – Northwestern

Co-Author: Pavlos Texakalidis, MD – Northwestern

Presenting Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Daniel Davidar, MMBS – Johns Hopkins University

Co-Author: Kelly Jiang, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Randall W. Porter, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jovanna A. Tracz, n/a – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Carly Weber-Levine, MS (she/her/hers) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael D. White, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr, MD PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital

Co-Author: Yusuf Mehkri (he/him/his) – University of Florida

Co-Author: Abdulrahman Al-Naseem – University College London

Co-Author: Deb A. Bhowmick, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital

Co-Author: Sachiv Chakravarti – Johns Hopkins University

Co-Author: Vyshak Chandra, MD – University of Florida

Co-Author: Melissa M. Erickson, MD MBA – Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Courtney Goodwin, MD PhD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University

Co-Author: Eli Johnson, MD – Duke University Hospital

Co-Author: Margot Kelly-Hedrick, BS – Duke University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Brett Rocos, MD – Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Jovanna A. Tracz, n/a – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Tej D. Azad, MD, MS – Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Noor Alesawy, BS – Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Co-Author: Brendan F. Judy, MD – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Timothy Witham, MD – Johns Hopkins University

Presenting Author: Victor El-Hajj, BS – Karolinska

Co-Author: Abdul Karim Ghaith, MD – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Ali Buwaider, MD – Karolinska

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: erik Edström, MD – Karolinska

Co-Author: adrian Elmi-Terander, MD – Karolinska

Co-Author: Paul Gerdhem, MD, PhD – Karolinska

Co-Author: Maria Gharios, n/a – Karolinska Institutet

Co-Author: Karl Habashy, MD – Northwestern University

Presenting Author: Jose A. Castillo, Jr., MD – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Khadija Soufi – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Alison Ho, BS – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Tejas Karnati, MD – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Kee D. Kim, MD – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Sirjan Mor, BS – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Robert Riestenberg, MD – University of California, Davis

Presenting Author: Matt Findlay, n/a – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mark A. Mahan, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Brandon A. Sherrod, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Sam Tenhoeve, BA – University of Utah

Co-Author: Spencer Twitchell, MD (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Husain Shakil, MD, MSc (he/him/his) – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Erin Harrington, BSc – Research Assistant

Co-Author: Rachael Jaffe, MSc – Unity Health

Co-Author: Karim Ladha, MD, MSc – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Armaan K. Malhotra, MD (he/him/his) – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Avery Nathens, MD, MPH, PhD – Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center

Co-Author: Christopher Smith, PhD – St. Michael's Hospital

Co-Author: Jefferson Wilson, MD, PhD – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Christopher Witiw, MD, MS, FRCSC – University of Toronto

Co-Author: Eva Yuan, Ms. – St. Michael's Hospital

Presenting Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Daniel Davidar, MMBS – Johns Hopkins University

Co-Author: Brendan F. Judy, MD – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Luke MacLean, n/a – Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jovanna A. Tracz, n/a – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Michael D. White, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Jose A. Castillo, Jr., MD – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Khadija Soufi – University of California, Davis

Co-Author: Julius Ebinu, MD – Queen's University

Co-Author: Freddie Rodriguez, MD – University of California, Davis

Presenting Author: Saad Javeed, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis

Presenting Author: Benjamin Plog, MD, PhD – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Allan Belzberg, MD, FRCSC, FAANS – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Braeden C. Benedict, MS (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kathleen Botterbush – St.Louis University

Co-Author: Stephen Burks, MD (he/him/his) – University of Miami Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Amir H. Faraji, MD, PhD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Jacob Greenberg, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Neringa Juknis, MD – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Muhammad Irfan Kaleem, MBBS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Allan D. Levi, MD PhD (he/him/his) – University of Miami

Co-Author: Mark A. Mahan, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Rajiv Midha, MD – University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine

Co-Author: Wilson Z. Ray, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sami Tuffaha, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Thomas J. Wilson, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Stanford University

Co-Author: Salim Yakdan, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Eric L. Zager, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Justin K. Zhang, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Konstantinos Katsos, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Giorgos D. Michalopoulos, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Ousman Jallow, n/a – Mayo Clinic

Presenting Author: John Paul G. Kolcun, MD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Ricardo B.V Fontes, MD, PhD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Patricia B. Raksin, MD – John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County

Co-Author: Diane Sierens, MD – John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County

Co-Author: James Towner, MD – John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County

Presenting Author: Chibuikem A. Ikwuegubenyi, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Och Spine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York

Co-Author: maysecilia Abiud, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Co-Author: Magalie Cadieux, MD, MMSc, FRCSC – Washington University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Roger Hartl, MD – Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital - Och Spine

Co-Author: Ibrahim Hussain, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College

Co-Author: Halinder S. Mangat, MD – Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.

Co-Author: Romani Sabas, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Co-Author: Hamisi K. Shabani, MD; PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Co-Author: Zarina Shabhay, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Co-Author: Naomi Siima, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Co-Author: Francois Waterkeyn, MD – Department of Neurosciences, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium

Co-Author: Julie Woodfield, MD; PhD – Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Presenting Author: Michael Cloney, MD, MPH – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Samuel Adida, MS – University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Nitin Agarwal, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Thomas Buell, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: D. Kojo Hamilton, MD – University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Co-Author: Mohamed-Ali H. Jawad-Makki, BS – University of Pittsburgh

Co-Author: Tara Jayde Nail, MD – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: David A. Paul, MD – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Co-Author: Hanish Polavarh, MS – State University of New York: Upstate

Co-Author: Olivia Raymond, MS – University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Presenting Author: Alexa R. Lauinger (she/her/hers) – Carle Illinois College of Medicine

Co-Author: Paul M. Arnold, MD, FACS – Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL

Co-Author: Alan Fullenkamp, n/a – Carle Illinois College of Medicine

Co-Author: Samuel B. Levine, n/a – Carle Illinois College of Medicine

Presenting Author: Sajni Amin, BS (she/her/hers) – Saint Louis University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Najib El Tecle, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Medicine

Co-Author: Tobias Mattei, MD, FACS – SLUCare

Co-Author: Philippe Mercier, MD, PhD, FRCSC – SLUCare

Co-Author: Howard Place, MD – SLUCare

Co-Author: Madhav Sankhyan, MD – University of Mississippi Medical Center

Co-Author: Jorge Urquiaga, MD – SLUCare

Presenting Author: Pratheek S. Makineni (he/him/his) – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Nafis B. Eghrari, n/a – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: David Kaelber, MD – The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael L. Kelly, M.D. – The MetroHealth System

Co-Author: Chong Kim, MD – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Monish S. Lavu, MHM (he/him/his) – Case Western Reserve University

Presenting Author: Robert C. Sterner, MD, MS – Inova Fairfax Medical Campus

Co-Author: Nathaniel Brooks, MD – University of Wisconsin Madison, school of medicine and public health

Presenting Author: Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi, MD (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Ibrahim Ashruf, MD – Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA

Co-Author: Allan Belzberg, MD, FRCSC, FAANS – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Bryan Dong, n/a – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Ryan Johnson, n/a – Capitol Technology University, Laurel, MD, USA

Co-Author: Jawad Khalifeh, MD – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Daniel Lubelski, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Luke MacLean, n/a – Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Co-Author: Benjamin Z. Mendelson, n/a – West Virginia University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sushanth Neerumalla, n/a – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Nicholas Orlando, BA – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sami Tuffaha, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Yuanxuan Xia, MD – Johns Hopkins University

Presenting Author: Braeden C. Benedict, MS (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Allan Belzberg, MD, FRCSC, FAANS – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kathleen Botterbush – St.Louis University

Co-Author: Stephen Burks, MD (he/him/his) – University of Miami Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Amir H. Faraji, MD, PhD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Jacob Greenberg, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Saad Javeed, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis

Co-Author: Neringa Juknis, MD – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Muhammad Irfan Kaleem, MBBS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Allan D. Levi, MD PhD (he/him/his) – University of Miami

Co-Author: Mark A. Mahan, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Rajiv Midha, MD – University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine

Co-Author: Wilson Z. Ray, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sami Tuffaha, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Thomas J. Wilson, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Stanford University

Co-Author: Salim Yakdan, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Eric L. Zager, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Justin K. Zhang, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Bradley Wilhelmy, MD (he/him/his) – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Bizhan Aarabi, MD – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Timothy Chryssikos, MD, PhD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Kenneth M. Crandall, MD – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Cara Lomangino – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Joshua Olexa, MD – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Parantap Patel, MD – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Charles Sansur, MD, MHSc – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Maureen Scarboro – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Gary Schwartzbauer, MD, PhD – University of Maryland Medical Center

Co-Author: Jesse A. Stokum, MD, PhD (he/him/his) – University of Maryland School of Medicine