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Presenting Author: James Mooney, MD – University of Alabama at Birmingham

Co-Author: Hyun Bae, n/a – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Jason Cuellar, MD – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Ousman Jallow, n/a – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: J. Patrick Johnson, MD – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Michael Kropf, n/a – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Todd H. Lanman, MD, FAANS, FACS – Lanman Spinal Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Anil K. Mahavadi, M.D. – The University of Alabama at Birmingham

Co-Author: Mia Mazer, n/a – Cedars Sinai

Co-Author: Giorgos D. Michalopoulos, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Karim R. Nathani, MBBS – Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: John parish, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates

Co-Author: Rick Sasso, MD – Indiana Spine Group

Co-Author: Sheetal Vinayek, n/a – Indiana Spine Group

Co-Author: Corey T. Walker, MD (he/him/his) – Cedars Sinai

Speaker: Saman Shabani, MD – Medical College of Wisconsin

Presenting Author: Tariq Z. Issa, BA – Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Co-Author: James S. Harrop, MD – Jefferson Medical College

Co-Author: Alan S. Hilibrand, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Christopher Kepler, MD, MBA – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Mark Lambrechts, MD – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Yunsoo Lee, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Joseph Schaefer, MD – Thomas Jefferson University

Co-Author: Gregory Schroeder, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Gregory R. Toci, MD – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Alexander Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA – Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University

Presenting Author: Tejas Subramanian, BE – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Myles R J Allen, MBChB – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Pratyush Shahi, MBBS, MS(Ortho), AO Spine Diploma – Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata (INK)

Co-Author: Todd J. Albert, MD – Weill Cornell Medical College

Co-Author: Kasra Araghi, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Tomoyuki Asada, MD PhD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: James Dowdell, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sravisht Iyer, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Kyle Morse, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sheeraz Qureshi, MD, MBA – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Harvinder Sandhu, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Evan Sheha, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Nishtha Singh, MBBS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sumedha Singh, MBBS, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Olivia Tuma, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Presenting Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Jordan Lebovic, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Djani Robertson, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Muhammad Irfan Kaleem, MBBS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Saad Javeed, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis

Co-Author: Braeden C. Benedict, MS (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kathleen Botterbush – St.Louis University

Co-Author: Madelyn Frumkin, MA – Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

Co-Author: Burel Goodin, PhD – Washington University

Co-Author: Jacob Greenberg, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Angela Hardi – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Brian Neuman, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Jay Piccirillo, MD – Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Co-Author: Wilson Z. Ray, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Thomas Rodebaugh, PhD – Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

Co-Author: Samia Saleem, BS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Co-Author: Salim Yakdan, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Justin K. Zhang, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Co-Author: Won Hyung Andrew Ryu, MD – Oregon Health & Science University

Co-Author: Maryam N. Shahin, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University

Co-Author: Jonathan Kark, MD – Oregon Health & Science University

Co-Author: Josiah N. Orina, MD – Oregon Health & Science University

Co-Author: Travis C. Philipp, MD – Oregon Health & Science University

Co-Author: Jung Yoo, MD – Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University

Presenting Author: Barry Cheaney, II, MD – Oregon Health and Science University

Presenting Author: Nafis B. Eghrari, n/a – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Juan Pedro Pedro Giraldo, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jonathan J. Lee, MD (he/him/his) – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Luke K. O'Neill, BS – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Gabriella Paisan Paisan Williams, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: James J. Zhou, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Kristin Archer, PhD, DPT – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Andrew J. croft, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Claudia Davidson, MS – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Raymond Gardocki, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: jacquelyn Pennings, PhD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Wilson Vaughan, BA – Tulane University, School of Medicine

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Joseph Linzey, MD, MSc – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Alexander Dru, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Submitter: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Oren Gottfried, MD (he/him/his) – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Salim Yakdan, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Saad Javeed, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis

Co-Author: Braeden C. Benedict, MS (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kathleen Botterbush – St.Louis University

Co-Author: Madelyn Frumkin, MA – Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

Co-Author: Burel Goodin, PhD – Washington University

Co-Author: Jacob Greenberg, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Angela Hardi – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Muhammad Irfan Kaleem, MBBS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Brian Neuman, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Jay Piccirillo, MD – Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Co-Author: Wilson Z. Ray, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Thomas Rodebaugh, PhD – Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

Co-Author: Samia Saleem, BS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Co-Author: Justin K. Zhang, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Omar Zakieh, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Andrew J. croft, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Claudia Davidson, MS – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Raymond Gardocki, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: brian Hou, BS – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Julian lugo-pico, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Hui Nian, PhD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: jacquelyn Pennings, PhD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: William Waddell, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Mason Young, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Neil Nazar Al-Saidi, B.S. – Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Asimina Dominari, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Ryan Nguyen, BS – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Speaker: Chris Yeung, MD – Desert Institute for Spine Care

Presenting Author: John Paul G. Kolcun, MD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Ricardo B.V Fontes, MD, PhD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Patricia B. Raksin, MD – John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County

Co-Author: Diane Sierens, MD – John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County

Co-Author: James Towner, MD – John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County

Speaker: Ehud Mendel, M.D., M.B.A. – Yale School of Medicine

Speaker: Joseph Cheng, MD, MS – University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

Presenting Author: S. Harrison Farber, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Christopher M. Holland, MD, PhD (he/him/his) – Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates

Co-Author: Matthew McGirt, M.D. – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina

Co-Author: Deborah Pfortmiller, PhD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Michael Spertus, MD – Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System

Co-Author: Gerry Stanley, MD – Harvard Medtech

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: Jeffrey W. Chen, PGY1 – Baylor college of medicine

Co-Author: Graham W. Johnson, PhD – Vanderbilt University

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Tyler Metcalf, MD – Ohio State University Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven Roth, MD – new york presbyterian hospital

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Adam Wegner, MD – Orthovirginia

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Tanner J. Zachem, BSE – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Syed Adil, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Alissa Arango, BS MS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Antoinette J. Charles, BS (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Patrick J. Codd, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Melissa M. Erickson, MD MBA – Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Courtney Goodwin, MD PhD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University

Co-Author: Harrison A. Hockenberry, BS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Eli Johnson, MD – Duke University Hospital

Co-Author: Emily Luo, BS – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Annee Ngyuen, MS – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Edwin Owolo, BA (he/him/his) – Duke University Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Dana G. Rowe, BA (she/her/hers) – Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Co-Author: Jacob Sperber, BA – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Seeley Yoo, BA – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

Presenting Author: Mohamed AR Soliman, MD, MSc, PhD – University of Buffalo

Co-Author: Alexander Aguirre – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Justin Im, BS – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Asham Khan, MD – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Cathleen C. Kuo, BS – University of Buffalo

Co-Author: Jeffrey Mullin, MD – University of Buffalo

Co-Author: John Pollina, MD – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Esteban Quiceno Restrepo, MD – University at Buffalo Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: John A. Servider, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital

Co-Author: Raphael Davis, MD – Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine

Co-Author: Peter Gerace, BS – Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University

Co-Author: Claire Kim – Renaissance School of Medicine

Co-Author: Robert Kleyner, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University

Co-Author: Noah Lubin – Renaissance School of Medicine

Co-Author: Harry Mushlin, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University

Co-Author: Vaidehi Patel – Renaissance School of Medicine

Co-Author: Richard Rosin – Renaissance School of Medicine

Co-Author: Greg Sacks – Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Jacob Birlingmair, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Leah Carreon, MD, MSc – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Mladen Djurasovic, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Pratheek S. Makineni (he/him/his) – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Nafis B. Eghrari, n/a – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: David Kaelber, MD – The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Michael L. Kelly, M.D. – The MetroHealth System

Co-Author: Chong Kim, MD – Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Monish S. Lavu, MHM (he/him/his) – Case Western Reserve University

Speaker: Zoher Ghogawala, MD (he/him/his) – Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Industry Speaker: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Industry Speaker: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Industry Speaker: Timothy Chryssikos, MD, PhD – University of California, San Francisco

Industry Speaker: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Industry Speaker: Christoph P. Hofstetter, MD, PhD – University of Washington

Industry Speaker: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Industry Speaker: Timothy Witham, MD – Johns Hopkins University

Industry Speaker: J. Alex Thomas, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Brain and Spine

Industry Speaker: Jason Porter

Industry Speaker: Griffin Baum

Industry Speaker: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Industry Speaker: Daniel Sciubba, MD, MBA – Northwell Health, Hoftstra University

Industry Speaker: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Industry Speaker: Byron Branch, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Industry Speaker: Charles Branch

Industry Speaker: Paul Kim, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Industry Speaker: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Industry Speaker: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Industry Speaker: Wissam Asfahani

Industry Speaker: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Industry Speaker: Shannon McDonald

Presenting Author: Vardhaan S. Ambati, MS – University of California San Francisco

Co-Author: Noriko Anderson, MD, MPH – UCSF

Co-Author: Alysha Jamieson, BA – University of California San Francisco

Co-Author: Mohamed Macki, MD, MPH – Cleveland Clinic

Co-Author: Neha Madugala, BS – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Ann Poncelet, MD – UCSF

Co-Author: Vinil Shah, MD – UCSF

Presenting Author: Saad Javeed, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis

Presenting Author: Benjamin Plog, MD, PhD – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Allan Belzberg, MD, FRCSC, FAANS – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Braeden C. Benedict, MS (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kathleen Botterbush – St.Louis University

Co-Author: Stephen Burks, MD (he/him/his) – University of Miami Department of Neurological Surgery

Co-Author: Amir H. Faraji, MD, PhD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Jacob Greenberg, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Neringa Juknis, MD – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Muhammad Irfan Kaleem, MBBS – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Allan D. Levi, MD PhD (he/him/his) – University of Miami

Co-Author: Mark A. Mahan, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Rajiv Midha, MD – University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine

Co-Author: Wilson Z. Ray, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sami Tuffaha, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Thomas J. Wilson, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Stanford University

Co-Author: Salim Yakdan, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Eric L. Zager, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Justin K. Zhang, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Katriel Lee, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: joseph Abattematteo, MD, PharmD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Gabriel Arguelles, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Nikhil Dholaria – University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix

Co-Author: S. Harrison Farber, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan Pedro Pedro Giraldo, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan Pablo Leal Isaza, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Mark Pacult, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Gabriella Paisan Paisan Williams, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Nicholas M. Rabah, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael D. White, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: James J. Zhou, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Yi Lu, MD PhD – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Joshua Bernstock, MD – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Hong Guo, PhD – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Speaker: Christopher M. Bonfield, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Presenting Author: Maria Astudillo Potes, BS (she/her/hers) – Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine

Co-Author: Babak Dashtdar, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Benjamin Elder, MD, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Abdelrahman M. Hamouda, MBBCh – Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Xifeng Liu, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Lichun Lu, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Lee L. Miller, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Asghar Rezaei, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Areonna Schreiber, BS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Vitalii Serdiuk, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mahnoor Shafi, MBBS – Johns Hopkins Medical Institution

Speaker: Pat Miles (he/him/his) – ATEC Spine

Speaker: Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr, MD PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital

Speaker: Kenneth M. Crandall, MD – University of Maryland Medical Center

Speaker: Daniel Resnick, MD (he/him/his) – University of Wisconsin

Speaker: Courtney Goodwin, MD PhD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Patrick M. Flanigan, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Brett Freedman, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Presenting Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Konstantinos Katsos, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Nikita Lakomkin, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Giorgos D. Michalopoulos, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Presenting Author: James Caruso, MD (he/him/his) – UT southwestern Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Co-Author: Ahmad K. Almekkawi, MD – Saint Luke's Marion Bloch Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Mazin Al Tamimi, MD – UT Southwestern

Co-Author: Salah G. Aoun, MD – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Faraaz A. Azam, BS (he/him/his) – UT Southwestern Medical Center

Co-Author: Carlos A. Bagley, M.D MBA – Saint Luke's Marion Bloch Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Benjamin Rail, BS – UTSW

Speaker: John Ogunlade, DO – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Speaker: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Presenting Author: J. Alex Thomas, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Luciene Andrade, MD – Instituto Hermes Pardini

Co-Author: Mark Freeborn, MD – Evergreen Health

Co-Author: Gabriel Lacerda, MD – Columna Insitute

Co-Author: Cristiano Menezes, MD, PhD – Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Columna Insitute

Co-Author: Marlus Salomão, MD – Columna Insitute

Presenting Author: Cesar M. Carballo-Cuello, MD – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Puya Alikhani, MD, FAANS – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Co-Author: Gabriel Flores Milan – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Elliot Pressman, MD – University of South Florida

Co-Author: Adolfo Viloria Hidalgo, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida

Presenting Author: Ehab Shiban, Prof. Dr. (he/him/his) – Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital of Augsburg

Co-Author: Maximilian-Niklas Bonk, Mr. – Neurosurgery Department, University of Augsburg

Co-Author: Henning Khal, Dr. – University of Augsburg

Co-Author: Philip Krauss, Dr. – Neurosurgery Department, University of Augsburg

Presenting Author: Kimberly Ashayeri, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Meghana Bhimreddy, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Submitter: Daniel Davidar, MMBS – Johns Hopkins University

Co-Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Kelly Jiang, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Max Kerensky, n/a – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Arjun K. Menta, BSA, BBA (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Denis Routkevitch, BS – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Vikas Vattipally, BA – Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Carly Weber-Levine, MS (she/her/hers) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Yohannes Ghenbot, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Mert Marcel Dagli, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: John Arena, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Jonathan Heintz, MS – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Ali Ozturk, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Gabrielle Santangelo, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Connor Wathen, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: William Welch, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jang W. Yoon, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Speaker: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Speaker: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Speaker: Eve Tsai, MD, PhD – University of Ottawa

Speaker: Sanjay Dhall, M.D. – Harbor UCLA Medical Center

Speaker: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Speaker: Oren Gottfried, MD (he/him/his) – Duke University

Moderator: Owoicho Adogwa, MD, MPH – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine

Moderator: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Course Director: Gina Duel, MSPAS, PA-C – Hoag Specialty Clinic/ HOAG Hospital

Course Director: Sara McEvoy, MPAS, PA-C – University of Utah

Course Director: Lara Massie, MD

Course Director: Theresa Williamson, MD – MGH

Moderator: Khoi D. Than, MD (he/him/his) – Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital

Moderator: Laura Snyder, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Speaker: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Speaker: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Speaker: Langston T. Holly, MD – UCLA Neurosurgery

Speaker: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Speaker: Andrew Jack, MD – University of Alberta

Speaker: Byron Branch, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Speaker: Wilson Z. Ray, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Speaker: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Moderator: Mark A. Mahan, MD – University of Utah

Moderator: Zarina S. Ali, MD (she/her/hers) – University of Pennsylvania

Speaker: John Ogunlade, DO – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Speaker: Marinus De Kleuver, MD, PhD (he/him/his) – Radboud University Medical Center

Moderator: Corinna Zygourakis, MD – Stanford Health Care

Moderator: Zeeshan M. Sardar, MD – Columbia University

Moderator: Andrew Pugely, MD – University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics

Co-Author: Steve Cho, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: S. Harrison Farber, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Juan Pedro Pedro Giraldo, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Luke K. O'Neill, BS – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Laura Snyder, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: James J. Zhou, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: James Kelbert, BA – University of Arizona College of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Phoenix AZ

Co-Author: Abdullah Al-Arfaj, MD – Banner University Medical Center - Phoenix

Co-Author: Ibrahim Alhalal, MBBS – Banner University Medical Center - Phoenix

Co-Author: Ali Baaj, MD – Banner University Medical Center- Phoenix

Co-Author: Giovanni Barbagli, MD – Banner University Medical Center- Phoenix

Co-Author: Courtney Deaver, BS – University of Arizona College of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Phoenix AZ

Co-Author: Nikhil Dholaria – University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix

Co-Author: Endgel Heinzmann, MS – Banner University Medical Center - Phoenix

Co-Author: Amna S. Hussein, MD (she/her/hers) – Banner University Medical Center - Phoenix

Co-Author: Chao Li, MD – Banner University Medical Center - Phoenix

Co-Author: JULIE MAYEKU, MD – UNIVERSITY OF AZ, PHOENIX/BANNER UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER

Co-Author: Niels Pacheco, MD – Brigham and Women Hospital

Co-Author: Annie Pico, BA (she/her/hers) – University of Arizona College of Medicine, Neurosurgery Department, Phoenix AZ

Co-Author: Michael Prim, MD (he/him/his) – Banner University Medical Center

Co-Author: Diego T. Soto Rubio, MD (he/him/his) – University of Arizona, College of Medicine- Phoenix

Speaker: Zarina S. Ali, MD (she/her/hers) – University of Pennsylvania

Speaker: Matthew Goodwin, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Presenting Author: Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi, MD (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Shahab Aldin Sattari, MD (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Albert Antar, NA – Johns Hopkins

Co-Author: Allan Belzberg, MD, FRCSC, FAANS – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Andrew M. Hersh, B.S. – John Hopkins Medical School

Co-Author: Daniel Lubelski, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Benjamin Z. Mendelson, n/a – West Virginia University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Arjun K. Menta, BSA, BBA (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Sushanth Neerumalla, n/a – Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Arinze Ochuba, n/a – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Nicholas Theodore, MD, MS (he/him/his) – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Eunice Yang, BS (she/her/hers) – Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Avery L. Buchholz, MD, MPH – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Oren Gottfried, MD (he/him/his) – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Brandon A. Sherrod, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami