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Presenting Author: Christine Park, MD – University of Washington

Co-Author: Christoph P. Hofstetter, MD, PhD – University of Washington

Co-Author: Jannik Leyendecker, MD – University of Washington

Speaker: Jim Godin, DPT – EXOS

Speaker: William A. Knight, IV, MD (he/him/his) – University of Cincinnati

Speaker: Philip K. Louie, MD – Virginia Mason Franciscan Health

Speaker: Venu M. Nemani, MD, PhD – Virginia Mason Franciscan Health

Speaker: David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Speaker: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Speaker: Alpesh A. Patel, MD, MBA – Northwestern Medicine

Speaker: Owoicho Adogwa, MD, MPH – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine

Speaker: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Speaker: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Speaker: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Speaker: Camilo A. Molina, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Speaker: Ricardo B.V Fontes, MD, PhD – Rush University Medical Center

Speaker: Charles Sansur, MD, MHSc – University of Maryland Medical Center

Speaker: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Speaker: Michael Groff, MD – Brigham and Woman's Hospital

Speaker: Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD – University of Toronto

Speaker: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Speaker: Daniel M. Hafez, MD, PhD – Washington University in St. Louis

Speaker: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Speaker: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Speaker: Zoher Ghogawala, MD (he/him/his) – Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Speaker: Allan D. Levi, MD PhD (he/him/his) – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Submitter: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Oren Gottfried, MD (he/him/his) – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Osama Kashlan, MD, FAANS – University of Michigan

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Speaker: Ziya L. Gokaslan, MD – Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Lifespan Health System/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

Speaker: Matthew Goodwin, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Presenting Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Daniel Zeitouni, MD (he/him/his) – Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Oren Gottfried, MD (he/him/his) – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Sufyan Ibrahim, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Hani Chanbour, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Soren Jonzzon, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Co-Author: Amir Abtahi, MD – Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medi

Co-Author: joon hyeok Choi, n/a – vanderbilt university

Co-Author: David Liles, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Byron Stephens, MD – Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Adam Wegner, MD – Orthovirginia

Co-Author: Iyan Younus, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Co-Author: Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH (he/him/his) – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Ranbir Ahluwalia, MD – Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Cole Kwas, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Myles R J Allen, MBChB – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Tomoyuki Asada, MD PhD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Kasra Araghi, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: James Dowdell, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sravisht Iyer, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Ashley Yeo Eun Kim, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Maximilian Korsun, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Amy Lu, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Mai, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sheeraz Qureshi, MD, MBA – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Chad Simon, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Nishtha Singh, MBBS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Tejas Subramanian, BE – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Olivia Tuma, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Joshua Zhang, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Presenting Author: Cole Kwas, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Myles R J Allen, MBChB – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Tomoyuki Asada, MD PhD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Kasra Araghi, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: James Dowdell, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sravisht Iyer, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Ashley Yeo Eun Kim, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Maximilian Korsun, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Amy Lu, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Mai, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sheeraz Qureshi, MD, MBA – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Chad Simon, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Nishtha Singh, MBBS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Tejas Subramanian, BE – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Olivia Tuma, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Joshua Zhang, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Speaker: Joseph Cheng, MD, MS – University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

Speaker: Brett Rocos, MD – Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center

Presenting Author: Seth Wilson, BS – The Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Vikram Chakravarthy, MD – The Ohio State University

Co-Author: Santino Cua, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Damante, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Daniel Kreatsoulas, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Vicente Coelho, MD (he/him/his) – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Joshua Palmer, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Co-Author: Jacob Ward, BS – Ohio State University College of Medicine

Co-Author: David Xu, MD – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery

Presenting Author: Matt Findlay, n/a – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mark A. Mahan, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Brandon A. Sherrod, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Sam Tenhoeve, BA – University of Utah

Co-Author: Spencer Twitchell, MD (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Thomas C. Schuler, MD – Virginia Spine Institute

Co-Author: Lindsay D. Orosz, n/a – National Spine Health Foundation

Co-Author: Brandon J. Allen, BA – National Spine Health Foundation

Co-Author: Christopher Good, MD – Virginia Spine Institute

Co-Author: Colin M. Haines, MD – Virginia Spine Institute

Co-Author: Ehsan Jazini, MD – Virginia Spine Institute

Co-Author: Wondwossen T. Lerebo, PhD – National Spine Health Foundation

Co-Author: Rita T. Roy, MD – National Spine Health Foundation

Co-Author: Kirsten A. Schuler, BS – National Spine Health Foundation

Co-Author: Tarek Yamout, MD – Virginia Spine Institute

Presenting Author: Hannah A. Levy, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Tyler Allen, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Michelle Clarke, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Bradford Currier, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Benjamin Elder, MD, PhD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Jeremy Fogelson, MD – Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery

Co-Author: Brett Freedman, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Brian Karamian, MD – University of Utah

Co-Author: Caden Messer, BS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Ahmad N. Nassr, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Zachariah Pinter, MD – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Arjun S. Sebastian, MD – Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Co-Author: Tissiana Vallecillo, BS – Mayo Clinic

Speaker: Line G. Jacques, MD, MSc – University of California, San Francisco

Speaker: Elias B. Rizk, MD, PhD, MSc – Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Speaker: Stephen Burks, MD (he/him/his) – University of Miami Department of Neurological Surgery

Presenting Author: Tyler K. Williamson, DO (he/him/his) – UT Health San Antonio

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pooja Dave, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Matthew Galetta, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Burhan Janjua, MD – Mercy Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Oluwatomi Lanre-Amos, MD – NYU Langone Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Co-Author: Justin S. Smith, MD, PhD – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia

Co-Author: Peter S. Tretiakov, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Presenting Author: Ian D. Connolly, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Ryan Burns, BS – MGH

Co-Author: Eric Esposito, BS – MGH

Co-Author: Muhamed Hadzipasic, MD, PhD – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Ganesh Shankar, MD, PhD – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Presenting Author: Ian Buchanan – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Juan Vivanco-Suarez, MD (he/him/his) – University of Iowa

Co-Author: Dan Donoho – Children’s National Hospital

Co-Author: Ammar Haider, MBBS – CMH LMC, Lahore, Pakistan

Co-Author: Margaux Masson-Forsythe – Surgical Data Science Collective

Speaker: David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Speaker: Meng Huang, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Speaker: Mark A. Mahan, MD – University of Utah

Speaker: Rick Sasso, MD – Indiana Spine Group

Presenting Author: Amir Vokshoor, MD, FAANS – Neurosurgery and Spine Group

Co-Author: Ilyas Aleem, MD – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Andrew Beaumont, MD, PhD – Aspirus Health

Co-Author: Peter Campbell, MD – Spine Institute of Lousianna

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Hamid Hassanzadeh, MD – Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Co-Author: Todd Lansford, MD – South Carolina Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center

Co-Author: Kristen Radcliff, MD – Spine DISC Center

Co-Author: Marc Weinstein, MD – Florida Orthopaedic Institute

Co-Author: Joshua Wind, MD, FAANS, FACS – George Washington University

Presenting Author: Mert Marcel Dagli, MD (he/him/his) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: John Arena, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Yohannes Ghenbot, MD – University of Pennsylvania

Co-Author: Felix Conrad Oettl, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Ali Ozturk, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Gabrielle Santangelo, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Connor Wathen, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: William Welch, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jang W. Yoon, MD – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

Presenting Author: Syed I. Khalid, MD – University of Illinois at Chicago

Co-Author: Owoicho Adogwa, MD, MPH – Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine

Co-Author: Patrick J. King, BS (he/him/his) – Chicago Medical School

Co-Author: Pranav Mirpuri, BS (he/him/his) – Chicago Medical School

Presenting Author: Patrick Chang (he/him/his) – Drexel University College of Medicine; Allegheny Health Network

Co-Author: Patrice Clemenza – Drexel University College of Medicine

Co-Author: Shahed Elhamdani, MD – Allegheny Health Network

Co-Author: Lara Massie, MD

Co-Author: Praveer Vyas, n/a – Allegheny Health Network Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Kevin Walsh, MD – Allegheny Health Network

Presenting Author: Clifford Pierre, MD, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Donald Davis, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Jens Chapman, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Ryan Goodmanson, DO – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Gerrit Lewik, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Rod Oskouian, MD – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Co-Author: Gautam Rao, MD, N/A – Swedish Neuroscience Institute

Course Director: Gina Duel, MSPAS, PA-C – Hoag Specialty Clinic/ HOAG Hospital

Course Director: Sara McEvoy, MPAS, PA-C – University of Utah

Course Director: Lara Massie, MD

Course Director: Theresa Williamson, MD – MGH

Skills Lab Table Trainer: Arpan A. Patel, MD – Cleveland Clinic Center for Spine Health

Skills Lab Table Trainer: Ken Porche, MD – University of Utah

Skills Lab Table Trainer: Christina Wright, MD, MPH (she/her/hers) – Oregon Health & Sciences University

Skills Lab Table Trainer: Clifford Crutcher, MD

Presenting Author: Steve Cho, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Nathaniel Ashby, BS – Creighton University

Co-Author: Juan Pedro Pedro Giraldo, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Katriel Lee, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Luke Mugge, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Laura Snyder, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: James J. Zhou, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: S. Harrison Farber, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Udaya K. Kakarla, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Luke K. O'Neill, BS – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Presenting Author: Peter G. Passias, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Ankita Das, n/a – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Pawel P. Jankowski, MD – Hoag Neurosciences Institute

Co-Author: Renaud Lafage, MS – Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY

Co-Author: Virginie Lafage, MD – Lenox Hill Hospital

Co-Author: Nathan Lorentz, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Jamshaid M. Mir, MD – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Oluwatobi O. O. Onafowokan, BMBS, MSc – NYU Langone Health

Co-Author: Andrew Schoenfeld, MD MSc – Brigham and Women's Hospital

Presenting Author: Cole Kwas, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Mai, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Myles R J Allen, MBChB – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Kasra Araghi, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Tomoyuki Asada, MD PhD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sravisht Iyer, MD – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Ashley Yeo Eun Kim, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Eric Kim, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Maximilian Korsun, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Omri Maayan, BS (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Sheeraz Qureshi, MD, MBA – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Chad Simon, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Nishtha Singh, MBBS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Olivia Tuma, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Avani Vaishnav, MBBS (she/her/hers) – Boston Medical Center | Hospital for Special Surgery

Co-Author: Joshua Zhang, BS – Hospital for Special Surgery

Presenting Author: Juan Pedro Pedro Giraldo, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: joseph Abattematteo, MD, PharmD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Steve Cho, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: S. Harrison Farber, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jonathan J. Lee, MD (he/him/his) – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Luke K. O'Neill, BS – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Laura Snyder, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Gabriella Paisan Paisan Williams, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: James J. Zhou, MD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Presenting Author: Mladen Djurasovic, MD – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Leah Carreon, MD, MSc – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Vivian P. Le, MPH – University of California, San Francisco

Presenting Author: Alexander Dru, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Nima Alan, MD – University of San Fransisco

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Sarah E. Johnson, MBBS – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Joseph Linzey, MD, MSc – University of Michigan

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Alexander J. Schupper, MD – Mount Sinai Health System

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Oren Gottfried, MD (he/him/his) – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Presenting Author: Vardhaan S. Ambati, MS – University of California San Francisco

Co-Author: Timothy J. Yee, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Steven D. Glassman, MD (he/him/his) – Norton Leatherman Spine Center

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Arati Patel, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Jonathan R. Slotkin, MD – Geisinger Health

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Co-Author: Samer G. Zammar, MD, MBA, MPH (he/him/his) – University of California San Francisco

Speaker: Han Jo Kim, MD (he/him/his) – Hospital for Special Surgery

Presenting Author: Ahmed Doomi, MD (he/him/his) – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Amir H. Faraji, MD, PhD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: paras Gupta, MBE – Texas A&M School of Engineering Medicine

Co-Author: Taimur Hassan, MPH, MBA – Texas A&M School of Medicine

Co-Author: Meng Huang, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Rijul Nanda, BS – Texas A&M School of Engineering Medicine

Co-Author: Arsalan nisar, MHS – Texas A&M School of Engineering Medicine

Co-Author: Sibi Rajendran, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Isuru A. Somawardana, BS – Texas A&M School of Engineering Medicine

Co-Author: Suraj Sulhan, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Co-Author: Khaled M. Taghlabi, MD – Houston Methodist Hospital

Presenting Author: Arati Patel, MD – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Sravani Kondapavulur, MD, PhD – University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Anthony L. Asher, MD (he/him/his) – Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Erica F. Bisson, MD, MPH – University of Utah

Co-Author: Ali Bydon, MD – Johns Hopkins University

Co-Author: Andrew K. Chan, MD – Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Co-Author: Dean Chou, MD – Columbia University

Co-Author: Domagoj Coric, MD – Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates

Co-Author: Kevin T. Foley, MD – Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, University of Tennessee

Co-Author: Kai-Ming Fu, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Oren Gottfried, MD (he/him/his) – Duke University

Co-Author: Regis William Haid, Jr., MD – Atlanta Brain and Spine

Co-Author: John Knightly, MD, FAANS (he/him/his) – AANS

Co-Author: Mohamed Macki, MD, MPH – Cleveland Clinic

Co-Author: Scott Meyer, MD (he/him/his) – Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists

Co-Author: Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD, MBA – Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco

Co-Author: Paul Park, MD – Semmes Murphey Clinic

Co-Author: Eric Potts, MD – Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Christopher I. Shaffrey, MD – Duke University Medical Center

Co-Author: Mark Shaffrey, MD – University of Virginia

Co-Author: Luis M. Tumialán, MD – Barrow Brain and Spine

Co-Author: Jay D. Turner, MD, PhD – Barrow Neurological Institute

Co-Author: Cheerag Upadhyaya, MD, MBA (he/him/his) – University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill

Co-Author: Juan S. Uribe, MD – Barrow Neurological Insitute

Co-Author: Michael S. Virk, MD, PhD – Weill Cornell Medical Center

Co-Author: Michael Y. Wang, MD – University of Miami

Speaker: Dan Tobert, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital

Presenting Author: Jacob Greenberg, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Braeden C. Benedict, MS (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Kathleen Botterbush – St.Louis University

Co-Author: Jacob Buchowski, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Madelyn Frumkin, MA – Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

Co-Author: Zoher Ghogawala, MD (he/him/his) – Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Co-Author: Burel Goodin, PhD – Washington University

Co-Author: Munish Gupta, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: Daniel M. Hafez, MD, PhD – Washington University in St. Louis

Co-Author: Saad Javeed, MD, MSCI – Washington University in St. Louis

Co-Author: Michael P. Kelly, MD – Rady Children's Hospital

Co-Author: Chenyang Lu, PhD – Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Co-Author: Camilo A. Molina, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University

Co-Author: Brian Neuman, MD – Washington University

Co-Author: John Ogunlade, DO – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Nicholas Pallotta, MD, MS – Washington University

Co-Author: Brenton Pennicooke, MD, MS – Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jay Piccirillo, MD – Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Co-Author: Wilson Z. Ray, MD (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Thomas Rodebaugh, PhD – Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

Co-Author: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

Co-Author: Ziqi Xu, BS – Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis,

Co-Author: Salim Yakdan, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine

Co-Author: Jingwen Zhang, MS – Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis,

Co-Author: Justin K. Zhang, MD, MSCI (he/him/his) – University of Utah

Presenting Author: Josha Woodward, MD, MCR – University of Miami

Co-Author: Richard G. Fessler, MD, PhD – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Maheen Khan, BS – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Alia Rathore, BS – Rush University Medical Center

Co-Author: Won Hyung Andrew Ryu, MD – Oregon Health & Science University

Speaker: Laurence Rhines, MD – MD Anderson Cancer Center

Presenting Author: Sean Neifert, MD (he/him/his) – NYU Langone Medical Center

Co-Author: Darryl Lau, MD – NYU Langone

Co-Author: W. Caleb Rutledge, MD – NYU Langone Health

Speaker: Nicolas Dea, MD, MSc – Vancouver General Hospital

Guest Speaker: Santiago Schnell, DPhil, FRSB, FRSC

Speaker: Jeffrey Mullin, MD – University of Buffalo

Presenting Author: Jane M. Shim (she/her/hers) – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Jessica Aidlen, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Thomas Cha, MD, MBA – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Emmy Duerr – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Syed I. Khalid, MD – University of Illinois at Chicago

Co-Author: Ali Kiapour, PhD (he/him/his) – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Felisha Marques, MPH – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Elie Massaad, MD MSc – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Taylor Mitchell – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Karen Sepucha, PhD – Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: Ganesh Shankar, MD, PhD – Massachusetts General Hospital

Co-Author: John H. Shin, MD – Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School

Co-Author: Theresa Williamson, MD – MGH

Presenting Author: Ryan Nguyen, BS – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Abdul Karim Ghaith, MD – Mayo clinic- rochester-mn

Co-Author: Kingsley O. Abode-Iyamah, MD – Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurosurgery

Co-Author: Oluwaseun O. Akinduro, MD – Mayo Clinic Florida

Co-Author: Antonio Bon Nieves, BS – Mayo Clinic

Co-Author: Mohamad Bydon, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Michelle Clarke, MD – Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA

Co-Author: Maziyar Kalani, MD – Mayo Clinic Arizona

Co-Author: Naresh P. Patel, MD – Mayo Clinic Arizona

Co-Author: Carlos Perez-Vega, MD (he/him/his) – Mayo Clinic Florida

Co-Author: Peter Rose, MD – Mayo Clinic Rochester

Speaker: Michael P. Steinmetz, MD – Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine